Let’s talk about Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? PCOS occurs when the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of male sex hormones (called ‘androgens’). Women usually have these hormones in their bodies in small quantities, so when too much is produced it interferes with the female hormonal balance and periods. 

The cause of PCOS is unclear, but many scientists believe that it is linked to elevated levels of insulin and insulin resistance which causes your ovaries to overproduce male sex hormones. Obesity is seen in 40% of people with PCOS, it is thought to exacerbate the symptoms.

Why should I know about it?

PCOS (and the high levels of male sex hormones that come with it) can interfere with your periods or cause infertility.

How can I spot PCOS - what are the symptoms? 

  • Missed or irregular periods 

  • Very light periods 

  • Excess body hair, including on the chin, chest, stomach and  back

  • Weight gain, especially around the tummy 

  • Acne or oily skin

  • Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair (i.e. hair loss in the same pattern as typical male hair loss on the head) 

  • Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant

  • Skin tags (small pieces of excess skin) on the neck or underams 

  • Dark or thick patches of skin on the back of the neck, underarms or under the breasts. 

What can I do to prevent or manage PCOS? 

  1. Pelvic exams, ultrasounds and blood tests are used to identify whether somebody has PCOS, so if you think you’re experiencing symptoms then talk to your doctor about it and ask them to guide you through the diagnosis process. 

  2. Every patient with PCOS is different, so the earlier you report your symptoms the better. Doctors and medical teams are best equipped to advise you on the next steps. 

  3. Regular checkups to check for or monitor PCOS can be very helpful. Talk to your doctor about what your best options are in terms of securing regular appointments. 

  4. People at risk of PCOS cannot do anything to prevent it occurring, but some people who are diagnosed with PCOS find that diet, exercise and weight loss can help ease symptoms. Again, your doctor will be able to provide a treatment plan that might include these elements.